Research for Health Professionals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Research for Health Professionals - Essay Example Therefore, basic research is undertaken to extend the base of knowledge in a discipline that helps to refine and redefine a theory (Pope & Mays, 2004). Critical Analysis Skills: Critical analysis is a multidimensional skill, a cognitive or mental process or set of procedures (Timmins, 2006). It involves reasoning and purposeful, systematic, reflective, rational, outcome-directed thinking based on a body of knowledge, as well as examination and analysis of all available information and ideas. Nursing practice mandates the use of high-level, systematic and organized critical thinking skills within the nursing process since it enhances clinical decision making, helping to identify patient needs and to determine the best nursing actions that will assist the patient in meeting those needs (Evans, 2003). Evidence-Based Practice: Nursing practice is increasingly dependent on evidence-based practice, where patient care decisions are made on the basis of the most updated and best clinical evidence. It is generally agreed that research findings from rigorous and relevant studies comprise the best type of evidence for modifying and reinforcing the nurses' decision-making processes, actions in the practice area, and interactions with clients. This indicates that nursing actions would increasingly be based on research evidences that would lead to clinically appropriate, cost-effective nursing actions with intent to producing more positive outcomes for the clients (Goldenberg, 2006). Research and Advancement in Nursing Practice: The advancement of the nursing profession would be heavily reliant on the integration of research, research outcomes, and education into the practice setting. Clinical nursing is and is expected to be enhanced by the products of research activities, development of theory and validation, identification of problems, and resolution of those based on science that is the derivative of research. This would, as expected, lead to the desired development of new nursing knowledge, advancement of health policies, and ultimately would culminate into enhancement of nursing profession (Sackett, Straus, , & Richardson, 2000). Key Elements of Literature Review: The "evidence" in the evidence-based practice is gained by systemically searching and analyzing reports of studies and research that are accessed through databases and libraries. In fact, the systemic review process is also a form of research where the reviewer develops a protocol for the review, asks legitimate questions, endeavors to glean the evidence, appraises it, and takes decisions whether the evidence is applicable in practice. In that sense, a research or literature review is not a summary of the study, rather it is a careful appraisal of its merits and flaws. A good critique objectively identifies both adequacy and inadequacy, and virtues as well as faults. This task involves a background literature review, formulating objectives and questions and describing inclusion criteria, a search strategy for the literature, assessment criteria, extraction and synthesis of data (Paterson, Thorne, Canam, & Jillings, 2001). Critical Analysis of the Literature Review In the paper, The Study of Nursing Documentation Complexities, published in

Promotional and Advertising Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Promotional and Advertising Strategies - Essay Example Companies, therefore, find the need to advertise and promote their products. This is done to provide information to consumers, to increase the demand of a certain product or even to make the product stand out from those similar ones from other companies. Companies will, therefore, use different modes of advertisement and product promotion in a bid to get an advantage over their competitors. Companies have no option, but to employ different modes in order to edge out their competition. These strategies are mainly targeted at the consumers. Research has showed that consumers are responsive to these strategies and increase their usage in all companies. In this essay, we are going to delve in the global market of television sets. We shall also review the two market leaders in this category, Samsung and Sony companies. Sony has been the traditional electronics company and has enjoyed some monopoly in the past. On the other hand Samsung is relatively new and has derived strategies to build its brand. Since these two companies produce similar products in the form of TV sets, they have similar strategies to promote their products. Both Sony and Samsung have massive investments in advertising done using modes of advertisement such as print and electronic. Television and internet are the most preferred electronic modes since they have the widest reach. In print media, these companies usually put up billboards and buy space on newspapers and magazines. Advertising helps both companies to delve into new markets, establish and retain their brand and increase their sales in the market. Apart from advertising, the two companies normally use other promotional strategies. The promotional plans are evident through gifts, coupons and other print outs to existing and potential consumers. In most cases, these two companies come up with promotions where consumers are promised cash prizes or even more products as an award. In order for one to win such prizes, they will be

Teaching Project Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Teaching Project Paper - Essay Example Engaging in violent behaviors increases the risk of death among drug addicts. Another cause of death is deterioration of the users’ health. Continued usage of the substances leads to addiction, which is one of the causes of morbidity among the substance abusing people. Morbidity caused by substance abuse can be categorized into social, psychological and physical. Long-term usage of substances leads to poor social health such as isolation. It makes it difficult for the users to interact with other people in the society by making it difficult for them to create relationships with others. This may result into other health complications such as depression (Nora 1). In addition, it may lead to poor psychological health. Substance abuse has also been associated with other chronic illnesses. For instance, long-term usage of tobacco may cause serious illnesses such as lung cancers. Other illnesses associated with drug addiction are diabetes and cardiovascular illnesses. The poor healt h among the people addicted to substances includes poor eating habits. Since substance addiction changes priority, food become less important compared to the substance. The situation may cause other illnesses associated with poor eating habits. The multiple disorders caused by substance abuse are referred to as co-morbidity (Nora 1). The risk factors associated with substance abuse include availability of the substance and peer influence. Many people start using alcohol because it is readily available. Young adults are also likely to start abusing drugs in order fit in their peer groups. Economic problems also increase the chances of abusing alcohol. Other risk factors include poor management of problems in families. Studies also show that ADHD also increases the risks using drugs among children and adults. It is important to note that mental health disparities are also recorded among the substance users. Individuals who lack

Case Study 3 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

3 - Case Study Example This paper will focus on two major technologies i.e. cloud computing and virtualization that can be adopted by BP to support its current strategy in its quest of transforming its business operations and ensuring it is no longer a serial underperformer. Virtualization refers to a way of creating virtual version of devices or network resources e.g. storage devices, servers, network or operating system. (Lans, 2012). In this case, the framework divides the resource being virtualized into one or more execution environments. In this case of BP, virtualization can be applied by combining its resources i.e. serves so as to serve as one. This is advantageous in a way that having a central server will lead to increased processing power hence faster data processing. Having one central server means BP will incur less costs in buying less hardware and also reduced energy costs since less hardware means less power consumption. (Roebuck, 2011) Fewer personnel will also be required to manage and maintain the equipment hence Dana Deasy’s dream of centralizing and cutting down costs of BP will come true with the adoption of virtualization. With virtualization, BP can create a strategic business environment in terms of resource use and operation with business partners and suppliers. This can be done through the firms intranets and also via external networks i.e. extranets and the internet. This will present BP with a collaboration opportunity of sharing information, resources and ideas with other people and the company hence helping the company respond in timely manner toward situations. (Rainer & Cegielski, 2012). Cloud computing refers to sharing of computing resources over the internet instead of using local servers to support applications. (Marks & Lozano, 2010) For the case of BP, the company through the advice of the CIO can choose to software-as-a-service where they will subscribe to an application but access over the internet. BP can also use

American Government and Politics Today Research Paper

American Government and Politics Today - Research Paper Example However some proponents support the electoral college as a good system and therefore need no reform. This essay explores the proponents’ arguments for electoral college Reforms and why some people think it should not be reformed. Electoral College Reform The system of electing the presidents through the use of an electoral college is considered an outdated mechanism of an electoral process, and therefore need to be reformed. It is seen to deny the citizens the voice to choose a leader of their choice as the selected group forming the electoral colleges that represent the larger group may be compromised and not elect the leader who is popular with the rest of citizens (Formisano 193). It is also prone to interference by the independent candidates. It should therefore be reformed and replaced by a system of direct election of a presidential candidate with an instant runoff if the clear winner is not produced. This will give every citizen a chance to vote and elect a leader of th eir choice. The electoral college system also needs a reform in order to replace it with a system where the electorate are allowed to vote directly with a popularity rule system where every voter will be given an opportunity to cast one vote for a preferred candidate. The candidate who gets the most votes will be declared the automatic winner. This system is seen to reflect the will of the people as opposed to the Electoral College system where voting is a representation of third parties. Direct voting system will also eliminate the Electoral College’s system that essentially dilutes the votes of the people as it is prone to compromise and betrayal by the third parties. The Electoral College system needs to be reformed to such an extent as to be replaced with a system that is democratic; one that reflects the people’s wishes. This is because with the Electoral College system which in some cases involves maximization of power by assigning all the representative votes to the winner with most votes is so undemocratic. This in most cases result in a situation where a candidate who wins the nationwide popular votes, still looses in an electoral college. This has been witnessed in the United States elections in recent years (Stromberg 769). The electoral college system only see presidential candidates concentrate on key vote battle grounds, this makes them consider only the interests of a few voters found on those key states ignoring other states. It should therefore be replaced with the direct popular voting system where the candidates are forced to carry out vigorous campaigns across the whole country. This will promote democracy and allow for equal participation across the country. It will also promote high voter turn-outs and eliminate voter apathy associated with the electoral colleges system. This is because voters will be assured that their votes make a difference in choosing the candidate of their choice. However, reforming the electoral system is arguably a bad idea according to Rohwer (215). The proponent of the electoral college system argue that the system avoids the instance of a presidential run off. In many instances a winner is declared as soon as the result shows that the candidate has the majority votes as the provisional results in most cases are ignored. The direct popular system of election is also seen to interfere with the federal system of

The Congo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Congo - Essay Example The independence did not solve all the problems of Congo, and problems started arising in the province of Katanga, which was enriched with mines. The province was under the control of Moise Tshombe, who in July 1960 supported the Belgium mercenaries and the Belgium Mining company named Union Minere. After having this support, he declared Kantanga independence. Due to this treachery to the Congo government, Lumumba requested United Nations to look into the matter and resolve all the upcoming issues and probable Civil War. The Lumumba's government requested UN military assistance "to protect the national territory of the Congo against the present external aggression which is a threat to international peace." There was no request to restore internal stability. However, Secretary-General Hammarskjold recommended to the Security Council the establishment of a peace-keeping force to assist the government of the Congo in maintaining law and order until, with technical assistance from the UN, the Congolese national security forces were able to meet these tasks. The Security Council authorized the Secretary-General to take the necessary steps for this purpose and called on Belgium to withdraw its troops from the territory. Thus began what, until the operation in Cambodia, was the largest UN peacekeeping operation (reaching a peak of 20,000 troops plus a large civilian corps) and one with a profound influence on internal developments in a member state. The Secretary-General was fully aware of the sensitivity of the action that the UN was undertaking in the Congo, both in terms of the attitudes of the foreign countries having a strong interest in the course of events in the Congo, and of the resistance of the Congolese government to any seeming. UN Peace Keeping Mission in Congo -Congo Crisis (MONUC) The secretary-general thus faced a government clearly desperately searching for assistance, and the possibility that outside powers might fill the resulting vacuum if the UN did not. Acting under Article 99 of the charter for the first time in the organization's history, the secretary-general called for a Security Council meeting to discuss the issue. In doing so, Hammarskjold set in motion the UN involvement in the Congo. That involvement took the form of an operation that, until the 1990s, was the largest UN peacekeeping operation on record. It was also an involvement that prompted a crisis so deep and an experience so devastating for the United Nations that once the UN operation in the Congo was officially over the UN did its best not only to put the experience behind it but also to forget it altogether. The willingness to use force in the Congo was a first for the United Nations and it came in the early days of UN experience with peacekeeping. Some of the logistical and communication problems associated with the operation, therefore, can be attributed to a general lack of experience and procedures. Command and control problems, for example, such as those associated with the final unexpected push into Jadotville that surprised UN headquarters, fall into this category. It remains possible, though, that the Jadotville example, like the murky background to Operation Morthor, is an example of a disconnect between decision making in the field and decision making at UN headquarters, either

Discussion Questions for Sexism Readings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Discussion Questions for Sexism Readings - Essay Example Misogyny, hatred for one sex (females basically) leads to increased feelings of oppression and suffocation for the women and transgender people. This also leads to more abortions, and killing of infant girls. 2. Biological sex is basically a bodily aspect. If a person has primary sexual characters of male or female sex, he or she is biologically a male or a female. Gender is more like a concept. Essentially other than the primary sexual characters, human beings are alike. Gender studies are basically an approach towards how you perceive men and women. Biologically they are same other than primary sexual characters but gender considers them different. 3. Not all, but many men practice patriarchy happily as they have a lot to gain from it. They get to rule their households. This however is not always easy. Homophobia, the hatred people feel for lesbians and gays and sometimes for transgender people originates from this stress too. No extreme is good. When 50% population of any place is oppressed in the name of patriarchy, many react by becoming gay or lesbian. Normal life is disrupted by this extremism in favor of one sex. 4. Feminism demands equal rights for women. Biologically, women and men are equals but the sexist approaches don’t let that to be practiced in society. Although in theory it looks like United States is a very broad minded society, but there has always been a very strong negative reaction to equal rights for women and transgender people. One of the reasons is that it is always easy to follow the current trends rather than accepting changes. Also, with women getting equal rights, some of the men might feel insecure. 5. Ideal female beauty is a concept that leads a lot of girls to efforts of abnormal level to become acceptably attractive. This leads women to putting in extra efforts for acceptance and those who naturally lack it suffer a lot. From other point of view, this sometimes makes women easy targets